人教版  必修5重點詞匯、短語、句型、語法全匯總

人教版 | 必修5

重點詞匯、短語、句型、語法全匯總

Unit1 Great scientists

【重點詞匯、短語】

1. put forward 提出

2. conclude 結束，結論

3. draw a conclusion 得出結論

4. defeat 打敗

5. attend 照顧，護理，出席

6. expose to 使顯露

7. cure 治愈，治療

8. challenge 挑戰(zhàn)

9. suspect 懷疑，被懷疑者

10. blame 責備

11. handle 柄，把手，處理，掌控

12. link 聯(lián)系，連接

13. link to 將…和…連接

14. announce 宣布

15. contribute 捐獻，貢獻

16. apart from 除了

17. be strict with 對…嚴格

18. make sense 講的通，有意義

19. spin 使旋轉(zhuǎn)

20. reject 拒絕，拋棄

【重點句型】

1. What do you know about infectious diseases?

你對傳染性疾病了解多少?

2. John Snow was a famous doctor in London – so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.

約翰?斯諾是倫敦一位著名的醫(yī)生——他的確醫(yī)術精湛，因而成為維多利亞女王的私人大夫。

3. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.

但當他一想到要幫助患了霍亂的普通老百姓，他就感到很振奮。

4. Neither its cause, nor its cure was understood.

人們既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治療方法。

5. He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found.

他知道，在找到病源之前，霍亂疫情是無法控制的。

6. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.

第二種看法是在吃飯的時候人們把這種病毒引入體內(nèi)的。

7. John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence.

約翰?斯諾猜想第二個理論是正確的，但他需要證據(jù)。

8. It seemed that the water was to blame.

看來要歸罪于飲用水了。

9. He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used.

約翰?斯諾馬上叫寬街上驚惶失措的老百姓拆掉水泵的把手，這樣水泵就用不成了。

10. In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.

在倫敦的另一個地區(qū)，他從兩個與寬街爆發(fā)的霍亂有關聯(lián)的死亡病例中又發(fā)現(xiàn)了有力證據(jù)。

【語法總結】

過去分詞作定語和表語

一. 過去分詞作表語

作表語用的過去分詞表示主語的特點或所處的狀態(tài)，相當于形容詞，強調(diào)主謂關系；被動語態(tài)表示動作，強調(diào)動賓關系,絕大多數(shù)被動結構中的行為執(zhí)行者還可以用by短語來表示。

1. 過去分詞做表語與被動語態(tài)的差異:      

The store is now closed.(系表)  

The library is usually closed at 8:00 p.m. (被動)      

2. 某些過去分詞作表語，多半用來表示人物所處的心理狀態(tài)或情感變化, 其主語主要是人。  

這類過去分詞通常為下列過去分詞: delighted, devoted, discouraged , astonished, frightened, excited, inspired, encouraged, interested, contented, pleased, puzzled, satisfied, tired, worried, ect .

二. 過去分詞作定語

作定語的過去分詞相當于形容詞，其邏輯主語就是它所修飾的名詞。及物動詞的過去分詞作定語，既表被動又表完成；不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語，只表完成。

1. 過去分詞用作定語，如果是單個的，置于其所修飾的名詞之前。

We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions.

我們必須使我們的思想適應改變了的情況。

2. 過去分詞短語用作定語時，置于其所修飾的名詞之后，其意義相當于一個定語從句，但較從句簡潔，多用于書面語中。

The concert given by their friends was a success.

他們朋友舉行的音樂會大為成功。

3. 過去分詞短語有時也可用作非限制性定語，前后常有逗號。

The meeting，attended by over five thousand people，welcomed the great hero.

他們舉行了歡迎英雄的大會，到會的有五千多人。

Unit2 The United Kingdom

【重點詞匯、短語】

1. consist  組成，在于，一致

2. consist of 由…組成

3. divide…into 把…分成

4. break away from 脫離

5. to one’s credit 在…的名下，為…帶來榮譽

6. attract 吸引，引起注意

7. leave out 省去，遺漏，不考慮

8. plus 加上，和，正的

9. take the place of 代替

10. break down 損壞，破壞

11. arrange 安排

12. fold 折疊，對折

13. delight 快樂，高興，喜悅

【重點句型】

1. How many countries does the UK consist of?

聯(lián)合王國由幾個國家組成?

2. You can easily clarify this question if you study British history.

如果你學習了英國歷史，很容易就能弄清楚這個問題。

3. Happily this was accomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well.

令人高興的是，這件事沒有引起沖突就完成了，那時候蘇格蘭的詹姆斯國王也成為了英格蘭和威爾士的國王。

4. However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government.

然而，愛爾蘭的南部卻不愿意而分離出去了，并建立了自己的政府。

5. To their credit the four countries do work together in some areas.

值得表揚的是，這四個國家的確在一些方面共同合作。

6. England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones.

在這四個國家中，英格蘭最大，為了方便起見，它大致被分為了三個地區(qū)。

7. You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile.

如果你想要使你的英國之旅愉快又有意義，你就必須留心觀察。

8. Worried about the time available, Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in London.

由于擔心時間不夠，張萍玉早就把她想在倫敦參觀的地點列了一張單子。

9. It looked splendid when first built.

剛建成的時候，它看起來真是金碧輝煌。

10. What interested her most was the longitude line.

她最感興趣的是那條經(jīng)線。

【語法總結】

過去分詞作賓補

過去分詞作賓語補足語，說明賓語的狀態(tài)或性質(zhì)，過去分詞所表示的動作和賓語有邏輯上的動賓關系。

一. 能接過去分詞作賓語補足語的動詞有三類：

1. 表示感覺或心理狀態(tài)的動詞，如：see, hear, feel, watch, notice；think（認為）, consider, find等。

We saw the thief caught by the police.

我看見小偷被警察抓住了。  

We thought the game lost.

我們認為球賽輸了。  

2. 表示“致使”或“保持某狀態(tài)”意義的動詞，如：make, get, have, keep, leave等。  

Don’t leave such an important thing undone.

不要讓這么重要的事沒有人做。  

He had his hat blown away on his way home.

在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。  

3. 表示“希望、要求、命令”等動詞，如：want, wish, like, expect, order等。

I want the house white-washed before we move in.

我想要房子在我搬進去之前粉刷完。

He won’t like such questions discussed at the meeting.  

他不喜歡在會上討論這樣的問題。

二. "with +賓語+過去分詞"結構

"with +賓語+過去分詞"結構中，過去分詞用作介詞with的賓語補足語。這一結構通常在句中作時間，方式，條件，原因等狀語。例如：

1. The murderer was brought in,with his hands tied behind his back.兇手被帶進來了,他的雙手被綁在背后.(表方式)
2. With water heated,we can see the steam.水一被加熱,我們就會看到水蒸氣.(表條件)
3. With the matter settled,we all went home.事情得到解決,我們都回家了.(表原因)

Unit3 Life in the Future

【重點詞匯、短語】

1. impression 印象，感想

2. take up 拿起，開始，繼續(xù)

3. constant 時常發(fā)生的，連續(xù)不斷的

4. previous 在前的，早先的

5. guide 指導，向?qū)?/span>

6. lack 缺乏，沒有

7. lose sight of 看不見

8. sweep up 橫掃

9. slide into 移動，溜進

10. optimistic 樂觀的

11. speed up 加速

12. desert 沙漠

13. instant 瞬間，片刻

14. settlement 定居，解決

【重點句型】

1. I have to remind myself constantly that I am really in AD 3008.

我得不斷提醒自己我真的到公元3008年了。

2. At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate.

開始的時候,新的環(huán)境讓我難以忍受。

3. The air seemed thin, as though its combination of gases had little oxygen left.

空氣似乎很稀薄，好像在混合的氣體中剩下的氧氣很少。

4. Hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached.

由于缺乏新鮮空氣，我感到頭痛。

5. Soon I was back on my feet again and following him to collect a hovering carriage driven by computer.

很快我又重新振作起來，然后跟隨他領取了一部由電腦控制的氣墊車。

6. However, I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached what looked like a large market because of too many carriages flying by in all directions.

可是，當我們到達一個看上去像大市場的地方時，由于太多車子朝四面八方飛奔，我看不見王平了。

7. He was swept up into the center of them.

他被卷入到這群車隊中去了。

8. Arriving at a strange-looking house, he showed me into a large, bright clean room.

到了一幢看上去很奇怪的房子里，他把握帶到一個明亮而清潔的大房間。

9. I found later that their leaves provided the room with much-needed oxygen.

后來我才發(fā)現(xiàn)，就是這些樹的葉子為這棟房屋提供了最急需的氧氣。

【語法總結】

過去分詞作狀語

過去分詞短語作狀語，可表示時間，原因，條件等，可發(fā)展為一個狀語從句。過去分詞作狀語時其邏輯主語為主句的主語。

過去分詞作狀語時的具體用法：

1. 過去分詞作時間狀語相當于一個時間狀語從句。例如：

Asked (When he was asked) what had happened, he lowered his head.

當他被問問題的時候,他低下了頭。

2. 過去分詞作原因狀語相當于一個原因狀語從句。例如：

Frightened (=Because / As she was frightened) by the tiger, the girl didn't dare to sleep alone.

因為害怕老虎, 這個女孩不敢單獨睡覺。

3. 過去分詞作條件狀語相當于一個條件狀語從句。例如：

Grown (If these seeds are grown) in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.

如果種在肥沃的土壤里，這些種子能長得很快。

4. 過去分詞作讓步狀語相當于一個讓步狀語從句。例如：

Left (Although he was left) at home, John didn't feel afraid at all.

雖然John被單獨留在房間里, 他一點都不害怕。

5. 過去分詞作狀語表示伴隨動作或狀態(tài)。例如：

The teacher entered the classroom, (and he was) followed by a group of students.

老師進入教室，后面跟著一幫學生。

Unit4 Making the News

【重點詞匯、短語】

1. delighted 快樂的，欣喜的

2. assist 幫助，協(xié)助

3. process 加工，處理，過程，程序

4. concentrate on 集中，聚集

5. acquire 獲得，學到

6. assess 評估，評定

7. inform 通知

8. depend on 依靠

9. accuse… of 控告

10. so as to 為了

11. demand 需求，要求

12. ahead of 在…前面

13. approve 許可，批準

【重點句型】

1. Never will Zhou Yang forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper.

周陽永遠不會忘記他在一家知名的英語報報社第一天上班的工作任務。

2. You’ll find your colleagues very eager to assist you, so you may be able to concentrate on photography later if you’re interested.

你將會發(fā)現(xiàn)你的同事們會熱情地幫助你，如果你對攝影感興趣，以后你可以集中精力去鉆研。

3. Not only am I interested in photography, but I took an amateur course at university to update my skills.

對攝影我不只是感興趣，在大學里我還專修過業(yè)余攝影課來更新我的技術。

4. Only if you ask many different questions will you acquire all the information you need to know.

只有提很多不同的問題，你才能收集到你需要的信息。

5. They must use research to inform themselves of the missing parts of the story.

他們必須通過調(diào)查研究來獲悉被遺漏的那部分情況。

6. Meanwhile you have to prepare the next question depending on what the persons said.

同時，你還要根據(jù)被采訪人所說的話準備提出下一個問題。

7. Have you ever had a case where someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick?

你們有沒有過這樣的情況：有人控告你的記者，說他們的報道完全失實呢？

8. This is how the story goes.

事情是這樣的。

9. He denied taking money but we were sceptical.

他否認收了錢，但我們對此表示懷疑。

10. It was a dilemma because the footballer could have demanded damages if we were wrong.

這事有些為難，因為如果我們錯了，這名足球運動員就可以向我們索要賠償。

【語法總結】倒裝句（點擊“倒裝句”即可查看全部內(nèi)容）

Unit5 First aid

【重點詞匯、短語】

1. first aid 急救

2. fall ill 生病

3. poison 毒藥，使中毒

4. electric shock 觸電，電休克

5. swell 使膨脹，隆起

6. squeeze 榨，擠

7. squeeze out 榨出，擠出

8. over and over again 反復，多次

9. in place 在適當?shù)奈恢?/span>

10. pour 倒，灌

11. a number of 許多

12. put one’s hands on 找到

13. treat 治療，對待，款待

14. apply 應用，運用，申請

15. make a difference 區(qū)別對待，有影響，起（重要）作用

【重點句型】

1. Burns are called first degree, second degree or third degree burns depending on which layers of the skins are burnt.

根據(jù)皮膚燒傷的層次而有一度燒傷、二度燒傷和三度燒傷。

2. Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn.

除非衣服黏貼在燒傷面上，否則如果必須的話就要用剪刀把衣物移除。

3. If burns are on arms or legs, keep them higher than the heart, if possible.

如果燒傷的部位在臂部或腿部，可能的話，就要把他們抬高到高于心臟的位置。

4. …it is vital to get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once.

……立即把受害者送往醫(yī)院或送去看醫(yī)生至關重要。

5. John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.

約翰正在房里學習，突然聽到一聲尖叫。

6. She was lying in her front garden bleeding very heavily.

她躺在前花園的地上，流血不止。

7. He immediately asked a number of nearby people for bandages, …

他立即向旁邊的一些人要繃帶，……

8. He slowed the bleeding by applying pressure to the wounds until the police and ambulance arrived.

他使勁地按住傷口，使血流得慢些，一直等到警察和救護車的到來。

8. There is no doubt that Jon’s quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slade’s life.

毫無疑問，是敏捷的思維和在學校學到的急救技術，使得斯萊德女士的生命得救了。

9. It shows that a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference. 這說明了急救知識的確能發(fā)揮重要的作用。